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Engineering Letters
Objectives and Scope Engineering Letters is published with both online and print versions. The journal covers the frontier issues in the engineering and the computer science and their applications in business, industry and other subjects. The computer science is a branch of engineering science that studies computable processes and structures. It contains theories for understanding computing systems and methods; computational algorithms and tools; methodologies for testing of concepts. The subjects covered by the journal include artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, computational statistics, database, data mining, financial engineering, hardware systems, imaging engineering, industrial engineering, internet computing, networking, operations research, scientific computing, software engineering, and their applications etc. Printed copies of the journal are distributed to accredited universities and government libraries. All the papers in the journal are also available freely with online full-text content and permanent worldwide web link. The abstracts will be indexed and available at major academic databases. ISSN: 1816-0948 (online version); 1816-093X (print version) Subject Category: Computer science and engineering Published by: International Association of Engineers
Contents: Volume 33 Issue 9 (Online version available: 1 September 2025) [Cover page] [Table of Content]
JOURNAL PAPERS: Efficient Beam Search For Satellite Communications On The Move Systems Ziping Wei, Yongchun Chen, Kaiqi Guo, Bingsen Liu, Yue Liu, and Yihuan Li Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3311-3317 [Online Full Text] Ziping Wei, Yongchun Chen, Kaiqi Guo, Bingsen Liu, Yue Liu, and Yihuan Li, "Efficient Beam Search For Satellite Communications On The Move Systems," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3311-3317, 2025
Study on Starting Characteristics of Slotted Disc Magnetic Coupler under Graded Starting Chaojun Yang, Yuan Gao, and Jian Wang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3318-3326 [Online Full Text] Chaojun Yang, Yuan Gao, and Jian Wang, "Study on Starting Characteristics of Slotted Disc Magnetic Coupler under Graded Starting," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3318-3326, 2025
Enhancing Gain for UWB Applications Using 2x1, 2x2 MIMO Microstrip Patch Antennas Issam Trrad Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3327-3334 [Online Full Text] Issam Trrad, "Enhancing Gain for UWB Applications Using 2x1, 2x2 MIMO Microstrip Patch Antennas," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3327-3334, 2025
A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Detecting and Classifying Debris Flows and Landslides in High-precision Aerial Images Lingxuan Zhang, Xiujuan Zheng, Juan Ma, Site Mo, and Fei Peng Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3335-3344 [Online Full Text] Lingxuan Zhang, Xiujuan Zheng, Juan Ma, Site Mo, and Fei Peng, "A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Detecting and Classifying Debris Flows and Landslides in High-precision Aerial Images," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3335-3344, 2025
Research on Design and Ideal Variable Transmission Ratio Control of Distributed Steering-By-Wire System Ruixue Wang, Kun Yang, Jun Guo, Chao Ma, Enbiao Chu, and Yucheng Zhu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3345-3362 [Online Full Text] Ruixue Wang, Kun Yang, Jun Guo, Chao Ma, Enbiao Chu, and Yucheng Zhu, "Research on Design and Ideal Variable Transmission Ratio Control of Distributed Steering-By-Wire System," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3345-3362, 2025
Improved YOLOv8 Real-Time Detection Algorithm for Surface Defect in Drug Aluminum-Plastic Blister Baomin Wang, Zhirong Wang, Wang Wang, Liangjun He, and Hongqin Liu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3363-3369 [Online Full Text] Baomin Wang, Zhirong Wang, Wang Wang, Liangjun He, and Hongqin Liu, "Improved YOLOv8 Real-Time Detection Algorithm for Surface Defect in Drug Aluminum-Plastic Blister," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3363-3369, 2025
The Log-normal-Log-logistic Mixture Model Analysis on the Survival Data of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Sulasri Suddin, Gunardi, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, and Fajar Adi-Kusumo Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3370-3378 [Online Full Text] Sulasri Suddin, Gunardi, Mardiah Suci Hardianti, and Fajar Adi-Kusumo, "The Log-normal-Log-logistic Mixture Model Analysis on the Survival Data of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3370-3378, 2025
Integrating Stacking-Ensemble Feature Selection with GRU-Based Self-Supervised Learning for Precision and Uncertainty-Aware Steam Flow Forecasting Hongxia Zhou, Fang Yuan, Li Guo, and Min Gan Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3379-3390 [Online Full Text] Hongxia Zhou, Fang Yuan, Li Guo, and Min Gan, "Integrating Stacking-Ensemble Feature Selection with GRU-Based Self-Supervised Learning for Precision and Uncertainty-Aware Steam Flow Forecasting," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3379-3390, 2025
Chinese Pangolin Algorithm with a Probability-Oscillating Convergence Factor for Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problems Hao-Ming Song, Jie-Sheng Wang, Xin-Yi Guan, and Jia-Hui Zhao Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3391-3409 [Online Full Text] Hao-Ming Song, Jie-Sheng Wang, Xin-Yi Guan, and Jia-Hui Zhao, "Chinese Pangolin Algorithm with a Probability-Oscillating Convergence Factor for Solving Economic Load Dispatch Problems," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3391-3409, 2025
Optimal Strategies for the Green Supply Chain with Reference Price Effect Shengju Sang, and Zhihui Lu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3410-3419 [Online Full Text] Shengju Sang, and Zhihui Lu, "Optimal Strategies for the Green Supply Chain with Reference Price Effect," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3410-3419, 2025
Traffic Signs Recognition via Adaptive Histogram Equalization and Committee of CNNs Guang Yi Chen, and Wenfang Xie Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3420-3424 [Online Full Text] Guang Yi Chen, and Wenfang Xie, "Traffic Signs Recognition via Adaptive Histogram Equalization and Committee of CNNs," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3420-3424, 2025
Research on Short-time Inbound Passenger Flow Prediction of Urban Railways Considering Station Flow Heterogeneity Jia He, Changfeng Zhu, Runtian He, Yunqi Fu, and Jie Wang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3425-3439 [Online Full Text] Jia He, Changfeng Zhu, Runtian He, Yunqi Fu, and Jie Wang, "Research on Short-time Inbound Passenger Flow Prediction of Urban Railways Considering Station Flow Heterogeneity," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3425-3439, 2025
ELSO: A New Enhanced Light Spectrum Optimization Algorithm Jing Wang, Yukun Wang, and Zhongfeng Li Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3440-3458 [Online Full Text] Jing Wang, Yukun Wang, and Zhongfeng Li, "ELSO: A New Enhanced Light Spectrum Optimization Algorithm," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3440-3458, 2025
Two-Quadrant Current-Mode Logarithmic and Anti-logarithmic Amplifiers with Temperature Compensation Tattaya Pukkalanun, Natchanai Roongmuanpha, Worapong Tangsrirat, and Taweepol Suesut Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3459-3466 [Online Full Text] Tattaya Pukkalanun, Natchanai Roongmuanpha, Worapong Tangsrirat, and Taweepol Suesut, "Two-Quadrant Current-Mode Logarithmic and Anti-logarithmic Amplifiers with Temperature Compensation," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3459-3466, 2025
Research on Road Defect Detection Based on Deep Learning Jinchi Zhao, Chunna Zhang, Shengqiang Cong, Yang Yu, Xiaoping Yue, Yuming Shen, and Yinglun Hui Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3467-3478 [Online Full Text] Jinchi Zhao, Chunna Zhang, Shengqiang Cong, Yang Yu, Xiaoping Yue, Yuming Shen, and Yinglun Hui, "Research on Road Defect Detection Based on Deep Learning," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3467-3478, 2025
A Novel Reliable Path Planning Framework Using Linear Moments and Reliability Indices Chang-Xi Ma, and Jing-Qun Zhou Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3479-3490 [Online Full Text] Chang-Xi Ma, and Jing-Qun Zhou, "A Novel Reliable Path Planning Framework Using Linear Moments and Reliability Indices," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3479-3490, 2025
Cyber-Attack Detection Strategy with Markovian Distribution Logic in Cyber-Physical Systems Eya HASSINE, Assem THABET, Noussaiba GASMI, and Ghazi BEL HAJ FREJ Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3491-3498 [Online Full Text] Eya HASSINE, Assem THABET, Noussaiba GASMI, and Ghazi BEL HAJ FREJ, "Cyber-Attack Detection Strategy with Markovian Distribution Logic in Cyber-Physical Systems," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3491-3498, 2025
Design of Monitoring System for Coke Quenching Lifting Machine Based on Deep Learning Xinzhong Yu, Shaochuan Xu, and Ting Wang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3499-3512 [Online Full Text] Xinzhong Yu, Shaochuan Xu, and Ting Wang, "Design of Monitoring System for Coke Quenching Lifting Machine Based on Deep Learning," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3499-3512, 2025
Multi-scale in Multi-scale Subtraction Channel Spatial Fusion Network for Real-time Polyp Segmentation Xin Wang, and Zhigang Li Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3513-3524 [Online Full Text] Xin Wang, and Zhigang Li, "Multi-scale in Multi-scale Subtraction Channel Spatial Fusion Network for Real-time Polyp Segmentation," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3513-3524, 2025
Low Computational Complexity Design of Digital FIR Filters Based on ABC-LSTM Jiayin Ye, Yisheng Yan, Fangxin Zhu, Xing Yang, Jiansheng Yang, and Ke Liu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3525-3534 [Online Full Text] Jiayin Ye, Yisheng Yan, Fangxin Zhu, Xing Yang, Jiansheng Yang, and Ke Liu, "Low Computational Complexity Design of Digital FIR Filters Based on ABC-LSTM," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3525-3534, 2025
Adaptive Optimal Control Based on Critic-Actor Architecture for Hydraulic Support Cylinder System with Asymmetric Output Error Constraints Wei Teng, and Guangming Wang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3535-3542 [Online Full Text] Wei Teng, and Guangming Wang, "Adaptive Optimal Control Based on Critic-Actor Architecture for Hydraulic Support Cylinder System with Asymmetric Output Error Constraints," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3535-3542, 2025
SLECP-SDN: A Secure and Lightweight Communication Protocol in a Software-Defined Network (SDN) Aladesote Olomi Isaiah, Azizol Abdullah, Normalia Samian, and Zurina Mohd. Hanapi Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3543-3555 [Online Full Text] Aladesote Olomi Isaiah, Azizol Abdullah, Normalia Samian, and Zurina Mohd. Hanapi, "SLECP-SDN: A Secure and Lightweight Communication Protocol in a Software-Defined Network (SDN)," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3543-3555, 2025
A Lightweight Improved Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8 Bozhang Liu, Ye Tao, and Wenhua Cui Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3556-3564 [Online Full Text] Bozhang Liu, Ye Tao, and Wenhua Cui, "A Lightweight Improved Traffic Sign Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3556-3564, 2025
Multimodal Diffusion With Attention Self-Supervised Learning for Recommendation Shuhui Han, Dan Yang, and Xi Gong Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3565-3574 [Online Full Text] Shuhui Han, Dan Yang, and Xi Gong, "Multimodal Diffusion With Attention Self-Supervised Learning for Recommendation," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3565-3574, 2025
Comparing Social Distancing, Lockdown, and Vaccination: A Study Based on a Generalised SEIR-Type Epidemic Model Jonathan Hoseana, and Daniel Salim Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3575-3586 [Online Full Text] Jonathan Hoseana, and Daniel Salim, "Comparing Social Distancing, Lockdown, and Vaccination: A Study Based on a Generalised SEIR-Type Epidemic Model," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3575-3586, 2025
A Low-Contrast Saliency Object Detection Method for Camouflage Analysis Is Improved Based on DaCOD Yuxi Wang, and Yang Xu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3587-3598 [Online Full Text] Yuxi Wang, and Yang Xu, "A Low-Contrast Saliency Object Detection Method for Camouflage Analysis Is Improved Based on DaCOD," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3587-3598, 2025
Dense Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on an Improved Real-Time DEtection TRansformer Xue Li, and Yujun Zhang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3599-3607 [Online Full Text] Xue Li, and Yujun Zhang, "Dense Pedestrian Detection Algorithm Based on an Improved Real-Time DEtection TRansformer," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3599-3607, 2025
Strict Feedback Nonlinear System Dynamic Surface Asymmetric Prescribed Performance Control Xinen Liu, Qiang Qu, and Hui Liu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3608-3618 [Online Full Text] Xinen Liu, Qiang Qu, and Hui Liu, "Strict Feedback Nonlinear System Dynamic Surface Asymmetric Prescribed Performance Control," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3608-3618, 2025
Game-theoretical Analysis for Resource Allocating Bo-Yao Wang, and Yu-Hsien Liao Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3619-3627 [Online Full Text] Bo-Yao Wang, and Yu-Hsien Liao, "Game-theoretical Analysis for Resource Allocating," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3619-3627, 2025
Measurement and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of New Quality Productive Forces in China's Manufacturing Using TOE Theory Pan Liu, Dong Li, and Weilin Nie Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3628-3639 [Online Full Text] Pan Liu, Dong Li, and Weilin Nie, "Measurement and Spatiotemporal Evolution Analysis of New Quality Productive Forces in China's Manufacturing Using TOE Theory," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3628-3639, 2025
Lump-Type Wave Solutions to the (4+1)-Dimensional Fokas Equation Chun-Xue Zhao Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3640-3647 [Online Full Text] Chun-Xue Zhao, "Lump-Type Wave Solutions to the (4+1)-Dimensional Fokas Equation," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3640-3647, 2025
Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Fin Contraction on Heat Transfer in Fe3O4 - SiC - Al2O3 / Silicone Oil Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid Ammembal Gopalkrishna Pai, Rekha G. Pai, and Karthi Pradeep Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3648-3660 [Online Full Text] Ammembal Gopalkrishna Pai, Rekha G. Pai, and Karthi Pradeep, "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Fin Contraction on Heat Transfer in Fe3O4 - SiC - Al2O3 / Silicone Oil Ternary Hybrid Nanofluid," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3648-3660, 2025
Effects of PEM Thickness on Cold-Start Performance of PEMFC under Low-Temperature Conditions Bintao Li, Qian Hong, Binbin Sun, Pengwei Wang, and Hongyan Wang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3661-3667 [Online Full Text] Bintao Li, Qian Hong, Binbin Sun, Pengwei Wang, and Hongyan Wang, "Effects of PEM Thickness on Cold-Start Performance of PEMFC under Low-Temperature Conditions," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3661-3667, 2025
Nonlinear Stiffness and Vibration Frequency Analyses of the Conventional Spring-suspended Segment Model Changqing Wu, Shun Wang, Hua Luo, and Guanghui Wang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3668-3674 [Online Full Text] Changqing Wu, Shun Wang, Hua Luo, and Guanghui Wang, "Nonlinear Stiffness and Vibration Frequency Analyses of the Conventional Spring-suspended Segment Model," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3668-3674, 2025
New Quality Productivity in China's Grain Loss Reduction: Measurement and Evolutionary Dynamics Analysis Pan Liu, Jia-Min Zhu, Dong Li, and Yue Long Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3675-3683 [Online Full Text] Pan Liu, Jia-Min Zhu, Dong Li, and Yue Long, "New Quality Productivity in China's Grain Loss Reduction: Measurement and Evolutionary Dynamics Analysis," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3675-3683, 2025
DMP-WCEBleedNet: A YOLOv11-Based Model for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Detection in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Yunyun Chai, and Yujun Zhang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3684-3693 [Online Full Text] Yunyun Chai, and Yujun Zhang, "DMP-WCEBleedNet: A YOLOv11-Based Model for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Detection in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3684-3693, 2025
An Integer Linear Programming Optimization of Handheld Radio Procurement Strategy: A Case Study Chandrawati Putri Wulandari, Priskila Yohana, Aisyah Dewi Muthi ah, Aryo Pinandito, and Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3694-3705 [Online Full Text] Chandrawati Putri Wulandari, Priskila Yohana, Aisyah Dewi Muthi ah, Aryo Pinandito, and Aini Zuhra Abdul Kadir, "An Integer Linear Programming Optimization of Handheld Radio Procurement Strategy: A Case Study," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3694-3705, 2025
Cooperative Optimization of Train Timetabling and Stop Planning Considering Passenger flow allocation for Intercity Railway Ruicheng Wang, Changfeng Zhu, Yunqi Fu, Jie Wang, Linna Cheng, and Rongjie Kuang Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3706-3716 [Online Full Text] Ruicheng Wang, Changfeng Zhu, Yunqi Fu, Jie Wang, Linna Cheng, and Rongjie Kuang, "Cooperative Optimization of Train Timetabling and Stop Planning Considering Passenger flow allocation for Intercity Railway," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3706-3716, 2025
RHD-RTDETR:A Cross-Gradient Lightweight Fatigue Driving Detection Algorithm Qi Liu, and Yang Xu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3717-3726 [Online Full Text] Qi Liu, and Yang Xu, "RHD-RTDETR:A Cross-Gradient Lightweight Fatigue Driving Detection Algorithm," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3717-3726, 2025
Enhancing MViT for Remote Sensing Segmentation via Adversarial and Frequency-Domain Supervision Guanlin Li, and Ji Zhao Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3727-3738 [Online Full Text] Guanlin Li, and Ji Zhao, "Enhancing MViT for Remote Sensing Segmentation via Adversarial and Frequency-Domain Supervision," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3727-3738, 2025
Error and Reduced-order Extended State Observer Based Full-State Constrained Tracking Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor under Multi-uncertainties Yuhang Sun, Liang Xue, Zhihua Zhai, Meijuan Bai, Bingkuan Yin, Qi Xiao, Hua Geng, and Kaiwen Chen Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3739-3744 [Online Full Text] Yuhang Sun, Liang Xue, Zhihua Zhai, Meijuan Bai, Bingkuan Yin, Qi Xiao, Hua Geng, and Kaiwen Chen, "Error and Reduced-order Extended State Observer Based Full-State Constrained Tracking Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor under Multi-uncertainties," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3739-3744, 2025
Bidirectional Search Factor Based Osprey Optimization Algorithm for Task Scheduling Optimization in Cloud Computing Yu-Cai Wang, Yu-Feng Sun, Jie-Sheng Wang, Si-Wen Zhang, and Xiao-Fei Sui Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3745-3761 [Online Full Text] Yu-Cai Wang, Yu-Feng Sun, Jie-Sheng Wang, Si-Wen Zhang, and Xiao-Fei Sui, "Bidirectional Search Factor Based Osprey Optimization Algorithm for Task Scheduling Optimization in Cloud Computing," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3745-3761, 2025
A Novel Framework for Feature Selection Using Automaton and Hidden Markov Models Mohsin Ali, Jitendra Choudhary, Anshul Shrotriya, and Anil Patidar Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3762-3789 [Online Full Text] Mohsin Ali, Jitendra Choudhary, Anshul Shrotriya, and Anil Patidar, "A Novel Framework for Feature Selection Using Automaton and Hidden Markov Models," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3762-3789, 2025
Application of a Novel Adaptive Chaos Butterfly Optimization Algorithm in Numerical Computation and Power Engineering Kai He, Yong Zhang, Ruilin Chang, and Tao Qu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3790-3800 [Online Full Text] Kai He, Yong Zhang, Ruilin Chang, and Tao Qu, "Application of a Novel Adaptive Chaos Butterfly Optimization Algorithm in Numerical Computation and Power Engineering," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3790-3800, 2025
Research on AttnGAN Text Image Generation Method Based on CLIP Enhancement and Diffusion Optimization Keyu Chen, and Ziwei Zhou Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3801-3808 [Online Full Text] Keyu Chen, and Ziwei Zhou, "Research on AttnGAN Text Image Generation Method Based on CLIP Enhancement and Diffusion Optimization," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3801-3808, 2025
Dynamic Analysis, Stabilization, and Synchronization of an Improved Fractional-Order Chaotic Financial System with External Disturbances Haojie Yu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3809-3817 [Online Full Text] Haojie Yu, "Dynamic Analysis, Stabilization, and Synchronization of an Improved Fractional-Order Chaotic Financial System with External Disturbances," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3809-3817, 2025
Dual Wind Effects on Predator-Prey Dynamics: Global Stability and Persistence in a Modified Leslie-Gower Model with Adaptive Harvesting Fengde Chen, Lanqi Luo, Yuting Huang, and Guangwen He Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3818-3838 [Online Full Text] Fengde Chen, Lanqi Luo, Yuting Huang, and Guangwen He, "Dual Wind Effects on Predator-Prey Dynamics: Global Stability and Persistence in a Modified Leslie-Gower Model with Adaptive Harvesting," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3818-3838, 2025
Biodiesel Synthesis on Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using Modified Clay Catalyst: Temperature Effect Study Janviter Manalu, Ilham Salim, Himawan, Janed Sriwati Labagai, Adi Mara, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Samsudin Anis, Rozanna Dewi, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Heri Yudiono, and Nurharniza Abdul Rahman Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3839-3848 [Online Full Text] Janviter Manalu, Ilham Salim, Himawan, Janed Sriwati Labagai, Adi Mara, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Samsudin Anis, Rozanna Dewi, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Heri Yudiono, and Nurharniza Abdul Rahman, "Biodiesel Synthesis on Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil Using Modified Clay Catalyst: Temperature Effect Study," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3839-3848, 2025
Resolving Complex Backgrounds and Multi-scale Challenges: The ST-FSFF Approach Yanling Li, Jiaman Li, Tianyu Zhao, Qingqi Liang, Zhipeng Yang, and Chongyang Chen Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3849-3860 [Online Full Text] Yanling Li, Jiaman Li, Tianyu Zhao, Qingqi Liang, Zhipeng Yang, and Chongyang Chen, "Resolving Complex Backgrounds and Multi-scale Challenges: The ST-FSFF Approach," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3849-3860, 2025
Enhanced Singularity Avoidance Control for Hydraulic Manipulators Using Damped Least-Squares Optimization Yang Li, YuKun Zheng, Song Gao, Rui Song, and Yibin Li Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3861-3871 [Online Full Text] Yang Li, YuKun Zheng, Song Gao, Rui Song, and Yibin Li, "Enhanced Singularity Avoidance Control for Hydraulic Manipulators Using Damped Least-Squares Optimization," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3861-3871, 2025
A Multi-Scale Steel Defect Detection Method Based on RT-DETR Zhen Qiang Dai, Shao Chuan Xu, Xiang Yi Yan, and Si Hong Xu Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3872-3882 [Online Full Text] Zhen Qiang Dai, Shao Chuan Xu, Xiang Yi Yan, and Si Hong Xu, "A Multi-Scale Steel Defect Detection Method Based on RT-DETR," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3872-3882, 2025
Command Filtering Control of Non-Strict Feedback Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Time-Varying All-State Constraints and Dead-Zone Input Zhongfeng Li, Lidong Wang, Heqin Tang, Yiqun Zhang, Lei Liu, and Zhenlong Zhao Engineering Letters, 33:9, pp3883-3894 [Online Full Text] Zhongfeng Li, Lidong Wang, Heqin Tang, Yiqun Zhang, Lei Liu, and Zhenlong Zhao, "Command Filtering Control of Non-Strict Feedback Stochastic Nonlinear Systems with Time-Varying All-State Constraints and Dead-Zone Input," Engineering Letters, vol. 33, no. 9, pp3883-3894, 2025
Coming Special Issues of Engineering Letters Engineering Letters welcomes author submission of papers concerning any branch of the engineering and the computer science and their applications in business, industry and other subjects. The subjects covered by the journal include artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, computational statistics, database, data mining, financial engineering, hardware systems, imaging engineering, industrial engineering, internet computing, networking, operations research, scientific computing, software engineering, and their applications. With the efforts of the Editorial Board Members of Engineering Letters, the new online version and print version of the journal Engineering Letters has become available to the general public, instead of its old restricted versions. All submitted papers are to be peer-reviewed for ensuring their qualities.
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