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Engineering Letters
Objectives and Scope Engineering Letters is published with both online and print versions. The journal covers the frontier issues in the engineering and the computer science and their applications in business, industry and other subjects. The computer science is a branch of engineering science that studies computable processes and structures. It contains theories for understanding computing systems and methods; computational algorithms and tools; methodologies for testing of concepts. The subjects covered by the journal include artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, computational statistics, database, data mining, financial engineering, hardware systems, imaging engineering, industrial engineering, internet computing, networking, operations research, scientific computing, software engineering, and their applications etc. Printed copies of the journal are distributed to accredited universities and government libraries. All the papers in the journal are also available freely with online full-text content and permanent worldwide web link. The abstracts will be indexed and available at major academic databases. ISSN: 1816-0948 (online version); 1816-093X (print version) Subject Category: Computer science and engineering Published by: International Association of Engineers
Contents: Volume 34 Issue 1 (Online version available: 1 January 2026) [Cover page] [Table of Content]
JOURNAL PAPERS: FTFT: A Spatio-Temporal Feature-Enhanced Transformer for Gridded Temperature Bias Correction Yu-Ling Bian, Jie Wu, and Wei Jin Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp1-9 [Online Full Text] Yu-Ling Bian, Jie Wu, and Wei Jin, "FTFT: A Spatio-Temporal Feature-Enhanced Transformer for Gridded Temperature Bias Correction," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp1-9, 2026
Modelling and Optimisation of Milling Process on Thin-Walled Ti64 under Carbon Dioxide Cryogenic Using RSM and GA Arie Yudha Budiman, Amrifan Saladin Mohruni, Safian Sharif, Mohd Azlan Suhaimi, and Zaldy Sirwansyah Suzen Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp10-17 [Online Full Text] Arie Yudha Budiman, Amrifan Saladin Mohruni, Safian Sharif, Mohd Azlan Suhaimi, and Zaldy Sirwansyah Suzen, "Modelling and Optimisation of Milling Process on Thin-Walled Ti64 under Carbon Dioxide Cryogenic Using RSM and GA," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp10-17, 2026
An Improved Flow Direction Algorithm with Hybrid Strategies for Efficient Optimization Mingxing Zhu, and Yukun Wang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp18-37 [Online Full Text] Mingxing Zhu, and Yukun Wang, "An Improved Flow Direction Algorithm with Hybrid Strategies for Efficient Optimization," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp18-37, 2026
Short-Term PV Power Prediction based on Adaptive Feature Fusion with NRBO-CNN-DBN-BiGRU-Attention Yiwei Ma, and Jiawei Li Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp38-49 [Online Full Text] Yiwei Ma, and Jiawei Li, "Short-Term PV Power Prediction based on Adaptive Feature Fusion with NRBO-CNN-DBN-BiGRU-Attention," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp38-49, 2026
Integrating Vision Transformers and CNNs for High-Accuracy Weed Detection in Crop Fields Ramesh Babu Pittala, Bomma Ramakrishna, Ch V Ravi Sankar, Medikonda Asha Kiran, Niteesha Sharma, Manyam Thaile, Gunti Surendra, and Y. Krishna Bhargavi Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp50-63 [Online Full Text] Ramesh Babu Pittala, Bomma Ramakrishna, Ch V Ravi Sankar, Medikonda Asha Kiran, Niteesha Sharma, Manyam Thaile, Gunti Surendra, and Y. Krishna Bhargavi, "Integrating Vision Transformers and CNNs for High-Accuracy Weed Detection in Crop Fields," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp50-63, 2026
A Hybrid Parrot Optimization Algorithm for Engineering Application and Academic Performance Prediction Zhen Yang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp64-73 [Online Full Text] Zhen Yang, "A Hybrid Parrot Optimization Algorithm for Engineering Application and Academic Performance Prediction," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp64-73, 2026
Research on the Design of Emergency Rescue Personnel Transport Carriages and the Impact Characteristics of Falling Rocks Zheng Zhang, Wenwen Jiang, Zhanlong Li, Rongxin Ma, Zhiqi Liu, Shantie Gao, and Fengshou Gu Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp74-83 [Online Full Text] Zheng Zhang, Wenwen Jiang, Zhanlong Li, Rongxin Ma, Zhiqi Liu, Shantie Gao, and Fengshou Gu, "Research on the Design of Emergency Rescue Personnel Transport Carriages and the Impact Characteristics of Falling Rocks," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp74-83, 2026
Switching Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of Bipartite Synchronization in Signed Lure Networks under Quantized and Pinning Control Suresh Rasappan, Regan Murugesan, and Sathish Kumar Kumaravel Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp84-94 [Online Full Text] Suresh Rasappan, Regan Murugesan, and Sathish Kumar Kumaravel, "Switching Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control of Bipartite Synchronization in Signed Lure Networks under Quantized and Pinning Control," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp84-94, 2026
Lithium-ion Battery SOH Prediction Model Based on BiLSTM Optimized by Sinusoidal Distribution PDO Algorithm Shi Li, and Bing Liu Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp95-111 [Online Full Text] Shi Li, and Bing Liu, "Lithium-ion Battery SOH Prediction Model Based on BiLSTM Optimized by Sinusoidal Distribution PDO Algorithm," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp95-111, 2026
A Systematic Review on Industrial 5.0 Readiness For Sustainability Practices Considering Cultural Influences Tia Tanjung, Ihwan Ghazali, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood, and Safarudin Gazali Herawan Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp112-123 [Online Full Text] Tia Tanjung, Ihwan Ghazali, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood, and Safarudin Gazali Herawan, "A Systematic Review on Industrial 5.0 Readiness For Sustainability Practices Considering Cultural Influences," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp112-123, 2026
High-Gamma Reservoir Identification Based on Machine Learning Jiansong Yang, Cheng Cao, Caixia Wang, Hu Wei, Yanhai Li, Zhao Yang, Longquan Yong, Yue Yan, Yingmin Tian, and Bin Chang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp124-137 [Online Full Text] Jiansong Yang, Cheng Cao, Caixia Wang, Hu Wei, Yanhai Li, Zhao Yang, Longquan Yong, Yue Yan, Yingmin Tian, and Bin Chang, "High-Gamma Reservoir Identification Based on Machine Learning," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp124-137, 2026
Color Image Encryption Algorithm Based on 6D Hyper Chaotic System and 2D Compression Perception Jingwen Jia, Zhao Zhang, Hongyan Zhou, and Xue-Bo Chen Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp138-148 [Online Full Text] Jingwen Jia, Zhao Zhang, Hongyan Zhou, and Xue-Bo Chen, "Color Image Encryption Algorithm Based on 6D Hyper Chaotic System and 2D Compression Perception," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp138-148, 2026
Evaluation of Local Texture Features in Content-based Medical Image Retrieval Task Ashwath Rao Badanidiyoor, Vidya Harekala Chandrashekara, and Naravi Gopalakrishna Kini Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp149-163 [Online Full Text] Ashwath Rao Badanidiyoor, Vidya Harekala Chandrashekara, and Naravi Gopalakrishna Kini, "Evaluation of Local Texture Features in Content-based Medical Image Retrieval Task," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp149-163, 2026
Research on Visual SLAM Systems in Indoor Dynamic Scenes Yanhui Lv, and Qiang Zhong Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp164-174 [Online Full Text] Yanhui Lv, and Qiang Zhong, "Research on Visual SLAM Systems in Indoor Dynamic Scenes," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp164-174, 2026
BTD-YOLO: Brain Tumor Detection in Medical Images Using Improved YOLOv8 Minxi Rong, Huijing Qi, Fuyang Hu, and Xiaoli Guo Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp175-187 [Online Full Text] Minxi Rong, Huijing Qi, Fuyang Hu, and Xiaoli Guo, "BTD-YOLO: Brain Tumor Detection in Medical Images Using Improved YOLOv8," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp175-187, 2026
High-order Conservative Finite Difference Schemes for the General Seventh-order Rosenau-Kawahara-RLW Equation Jinming Zuo Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp188-199 [Online Full Text] Jinming Zuo, "High-order Conservative Finite Difference Schemes for the General Seventh-order Rosenau-Kawahara-RLW Equation," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp188-199, 2026
Application of U-Net and YOLOv3 Architectures in Detecting Transventricular Objects in Fetal Head Ultrasound Images Yadi Utama, Samsuryadi, Abarham Martadiansyah, Hadrians Kesuma Putra, and Erwin Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp200-211 [Online Full Text] Yadi Utama, Samsuryadi, Abarham Martadiansyah, Hadrians Kesuma Putra, and Erwin, "Application of U-Net and YOLOv3 Architectures in Detecting Transventricular Objects in Fetal Head Ultrasound Images," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp200-211, 2026
Design and Analysis of a Bionic Quasi-zero Stiffness Dynamic Vibration Absorber Zhirong Yang, Xin Gao, and Longyue Li Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp212-220 [Online Full Text] Zhirong Yang, Xin Gao, and Longyue Li, "Design and Analysis of a Bionic Quasi-zero Stiffness Dynamic Vibration Absorber," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp212-220, 2026
A Hybrid Algorithm Based on Scatter Search and Ant Colony Optimization for Integrated Scheduling Problem Xiaoxia Zhang, Haoliang Ji, and Ao Wang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp221-229 [Online Full Text] Xiaoxia Zhang, Haoliang Ji, and Ao Wang, "A Hybrid Algorithm Based on Scatter Search and Ant Colony Optimization for Integrated Scheduling Problem," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp221-229, 2026
Similarity Solution of Double Diffusive Free Convective Flow Over a Moving Vertical Flat Plate with Convective Boundary Condition with Arrhenius Activation Energy Sanjana T D, and B Lavanya Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp230-240 [Online Full Text] Sanjana T D, and B Lavanya, "Similarity Solution of Double Diffusive Free Convective Flow Over a Moving Vertical Flat Plate with Convective Boundary Condition with Arrhenius Activation Energy," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp230-240, 2026
Occluded Small Target Detection for UAVs Based on YOLOv11 Linlin Song, and Ye Tao Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp241-251 [Online Full Text] Linlin Song, and Ye Tao, "Occluded Small Target Detection for UAVs Based on YOLOv11," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp241-251, 2026
Generation of Carbon Emission Data and Analysis of Influencing Factors in the Cement Industry Based on Generative Adversarial Networks Jian Qiao, Bowen Zhou, Guangdi Li, and Zijie Ren Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp252-261 [Online Full Text] Jian Qiao, Bowen Zhou, Guangdi Li, and Zijie Ren, "Generation of Carbon Emission Data and Analysis of Influencing Factors in the Cement Industry Based on Generative Adversarial Networks," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp252-261, 2026
Prescribed Performance Fuzzy Adaptive Event-Triggered Control for Interconnected Nonlinear Systems Haichao Xiong, Xinyu Ouyang, and Nannan Zhao Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp262-272 [Online Full Text] Haichao Xiong, Xinyu Ouyang, and Nannan Zhao, "Prescribed Performance Fuzzy Adaptive Event-Triggered Control for Interconnected Nonlinear Systems," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp262-272, 2026
Experimental Validation of a Temperature-Dependent CDP Model for Concrete under Thermo-Mechanical Loading Wu Feng, Tengku Anita Raja Hussin, and Xu Yang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp273-284 [Online Full Text] Wu Feng, Tengku Anita Raja Hussin, and Xu Yang, "Experimental Validation of a Temperature-Dependent CDP Model for Concrete under Thermo-Mechanical Loading," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp273-284, 2026
Yolov11-TFNet: Lightweight PCB Defect Detector with Three-Axis Attention Fusion Hongye Zhao, Song Fan, and Qin Li Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp285-295 [Online Full Text] Hongye Zhao, Song Fan, and Qin Li, "Yolov11-TFNet: Lightweight PCB Defect Detector with Three-Axis Attention Fusion," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp285-295, 2026
Impact of Hydration Heat and Insulation Layer Laying Method on Radial Temperature and Reliability of Cold Region Tunnels Jianqing Jia, Jun Wang, and Victor O. Tenorio Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp296-303 [Online Full Text] Jianqing Jia, Jun Wang, and Victor O. Tenorio, "Impact of Hydration Heat and Insulation Layer Laying Method on Radial Temperature and Reliability of Cold Region Tunnels," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp296-303, 2026
Stress Sum Energy of Graphs K ARATHI BHAT, NIVEDITHA, and SHAHISTHA HANIF Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp304-311 [Online Full Text] K ARATHI BHAT, NIVEDITHA, and SHAHISTHA HANIF, "Stress Sum Energy of Graphs," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp304-311, 2026
Simulation and Carbon Emission Analysis of Mixed Manual-Autonomous Traffic Flow Yunhan Wu, Dejie Xu, Liang Gong, Changwu Hui, Miaomiao Zhong, and Junwei Zeng Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp312-323 [Online Full Text] Yunhan Wu, Dejie Xu, Liang Gong, Changwu Hui, Miaomiao Zhong, and Junwei Zeng, "Simulation and Carbon Emission Analysis of Mixed Manual-Autonomous Traffic Flow," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp312-323, 2026
An Improved IMVPML with Label-Specific Features and Weighted Views Siying Pan, Yuting Xu, Minghao Zhou, Yiying Wang, Andan Li, and Qing Ai Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp324-337 [Online Full Text] Siying Pan, Yuting Xu, Minghao Zhou, Yiying Wang, Andan Li, and Qing Ai, "An Improved IMVPML with Label-Specific Features and Weighted Views," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp324-337, 2026
Safety of Operation of Reinforced Concrete Culverts Based on the Results of Static Tests Assylkhan Jalairov, Gulzhan Nuruldaeva, Dauren Kumar, Almaz Auanassov, Asel Isakhanova, and Bakdaulet Kumar Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp338-347 [Online Full Text] Assylkhan Jalairov, Gulzhan Nuruldaeva, Dauren Kumar, Almaz Auanassov, Asel Isakhanova, and Bakdaulet Kumar, "Safety of Operation of Reinforced Concrete Culverts Based on the Results of Static Tests," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp338-347, 2026
Enhanced Hybrid Strategy Atomic Search Optimization Algorithm for Solving Engineering Design Problems Lewei Yang, Yukun Wang, and Wansheng Cheng Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp348-367 [Online Full Text] Lewei Yang, Yukun Wang, and Wansheng Cheng, "Enhanced Hybrid Strategy Atomic Search Optimization Algorithm for Solving Engineering Design Problems," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp348-367, 2026
Two-Level Random Effects in Multivariate Linear Mixed Model for Longitudinal Data Vera Maya Santi, Khairil Anwar Notodiputro, Indahwati, Bagus Sartono, Budi Susetyo, and Anang Kurnia Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp368-379 [Online Full Text] Vera Maya Santi, Khairil Anwar Notodiputro, Indahwati, Bagus Sartono, Budi Susetyo, and Anang Kurnia, "Two-Level Random Effects in Multivariate Linear Mixed Model for Longitudinal Data," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp368-379, 2026
MMHRCKAN-Net: A Residual-Gated Attention Network for Multimodal Knowledge Graph Recommendation Jinming Zhang, and Kai Yang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp380-392 [Online Full Text] Jinming Zhang, and Kai Yang, "MMHRCKAN-Net: A Residual-Gated Attention Network for Multimodal Knowledge Graph Recommendation," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp380-392, 2026
YOLO11-AquaDetect: High-Precision Lightweight Framework for Underwater Biological Detection WeiGuo Yi, XiongBin Yu, and LingWei Yan Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp393-405 [Online Full Text] WeiGuo Yi, XiongBin Yu, and LingWei Yan, "YOLO11-AquaDetect: High-Precision Lightweight Framework for Underwater Biological Detection," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp393-405, 2026
Solving Fractional Differential Equations in Parametric Metric Spaces Senthil Kumar Prakasam, Menaha Dhanraj, Uma Devi Ulaganathan, and Arul Joseph Gnanaprakasam Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp406-411 [Online Full Text] Senthil Kumar Prakasam, Menaha Dhanraj, Uma Devi Ulaganathan, and Arul Joseph Gnanaprakasam, "Solving Fractional Differential Equations in Parametric Metric Spaces," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp406-411, 2026
Adaptive Containment Control Scheme Design for a Class of Multi-agent Systems with Unknown Control Coefficients Penglong Zhang, Chuang Gao, Xiuqi Xi, and Mengyi Jiang Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp412-418 [Online Full Text] Penglong Zhang, Chuang Gao, Xiuqi Xi, and Mengyi Jiang, "Adaptive Containment Control Scheme Design for a Class of Multi-agent Systems with Unknown Control Coefficients," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp412-418, 2026
Two Sixth-order Compact Finite Difference Schemes for the Extended Fisher-Kolmogorov Equation Jinming Zuo Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp419-428 [Online Full Text] Jinming Zuo, "Two Sixth-order Compact Finite Difference Schemes for the Extended Fisher-Kolmogorov Equation," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp419-428, 2026
Robotic Arm Time-Delay Control Based on Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm Feng-ju Wang, and Bo-qun Li Engineering Letters, 34:1, pp429-441 [Online Full Text] Feng-ju Wang, and Bo-qun Li, "Robotic Arm Time-Delay Control Based on Improved Grey Wolf Algorithm," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 1, pp429-441, 2026
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