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Engineering Letters
Objectives and Scope Engineering Letters is published with both online and print versions. The journal covers the frontier issues in the engineering and the computer science and their applications in business, industry and other subjects. The computer science is a branch of engineering science that studies computable processes and structures. It contains theories for understanding computing systems and methods; computational algorithms and tools; methodologies for testing of concepts. The subjects covered by the journal include artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, computational statistics, database, data mining, financial engineering, hardware systems, imaging engineering, industrial engineering, internet computing, networking, operations research, scientific computing, software engineering, and their applications etc. Printed copies of the journal are distributed to accredited universities and government libraries. All the papers in the journal are also available freely with online full-text content and permanent worldwide web link. The abstracts will be indexed and available at major academic databases. ISSN: 1816-0948 (online version); 1816-093X (print version) Subject Category: Computer science and engineering Published by: International Association of Engineers
Contents: Volume 34 Issue 2 (Online version available: 1 February 2026) [Cover page] [Table of Content]
JOURNAL PAPERS: Performance Analysis of Cloud System based on Semi-sleep Threshold N1 and Min(N2,V) Active Mechanism Xu Xiuli, Liu Chang, Wang Rui, and Li Mengtao Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp442-451 [Online Full Text] Xu Xiuli, Liu Chang, Wang Rui, and Li Mengtao, "Performance Analysis of Cloud System based on Semi-sleep Threshold N1 and Min(N2,V) Active Mechanism," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp442-451, 2026
Elite Topic Intensity Feature: A Novel Enhancement in New Energy Vehicle Stock Price Trend Prediction for Machine Learning Models Baolin Li, Shangchen Yang, Lihua Yang, and Penglong Dong Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp452-467 [Online Full Text] Baolin Li, Shangchen Yang, Lihua Yang, and Penglong Dong, "Elite Topic Intensity Feature: A Novel Enhancement in New Energy Vehicle Stock Price Trend Prediction for Machine Learning Models," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp452-467, 2026
On Clique Sombor Index of Graphs and Their Properties T P Thrivikram, K Arathi Bhat, Sunita Priya DSilva, and Smitha Ganesh Bhat Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp468-476 [Online Full Text] T P Thrivikram, K Arathi Bhat, Sunita Priya DSilva, and Smitha Ganesh Bhat, "On Clique Sombor Index of Graphs and Their Properties," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp468-476, 2026
An Improved Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm for the Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery Yanchun Wan, and Zhizhuo Zhang Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp477-493 [Online Full Text] Yanchun Wan, and Zhizhuo Zhang, "An Improved Brain Storm Optimization Algorithm for the Green Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp477-493, 2026
Forest Succession Layered Optimization (FSLO): A Novel Optimization Approach for Solving Optimization Problems Yuqin Zhong, and Hao Liu Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp494-516 [Online Full Text] Yuqin Zhong, and Hao Liu, "Forest Succession Layered Optimization (FSLO): A Novel Optimization Approach for Solving Optimization Problems," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp494-516, 2026
Research on Urban Last-Mile Distribution Optimization of High-Speed Rail Express Delivery Considering Hub Multi-Station Collaboration Zhiqiang Tian, Haifeng Gan, Guofeng Sun, Zikai Wang, and Qi Song Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp517-527 [Online Full Text] Zhiqiang Tian, Haifeng Gan, Guofeng Sun, Zikai Wang, and Qi Song, "Research on Urban Last-Mile Distribution Optimization of High-Speed Rail Express Delivery Considering Hub Multi-Station Collaboration," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp517-527, 2026
Bifacial Photovoltaic Thermal (B-PVT) Heat Transfer and Flow Analysis Based on CFD Coupled Method Udin Komarudin, Syahrahman A. Ginting, Ahmad Rajani, Aep Saepudin, Subagyo, Henny Sudibyo, Anjar Susatyo, Maulana Arifin, Ridwan Arief Subekti, Tinton Dwi Atmaja, and Randy Erfa Saputra Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp528-537 [Online Full Text] Udin Komarudin, Syahrahman A. Ginting, Ahmad Rajani, Aep Saepudin, Subagyo, Henny Sudibyo, Anjar Susatyo, Maulana Arifin, Ridwan Arief Subekti, Tinton Dwi Atmaja, and Randy Erfa Saputra, "Bifacial Photovoltaic Thermal (B-PVT) Heat Transfer and Flow Analysis Based on CFD Coupled Method," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp528-537, 2026
Analysis of Dynamic Pressure Gas Thrust Bearing Characteristics with Wedge-shaped Spiral Grooves Based on Fluid- Structure-Thermal Coupling Zhiqiang Dong, and Yifei Dong Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp538-553 [Online Full Text] Zhiqiang Dong, and Yifei Dong, "Analysis of Dynamic Pressure Gas Thrust Bearing Characteristics with Wedge-shaped Spiral Grooves Based on Fluid- Structure-Thermal Coupling," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp538-553, 2026
YOLO11-Based Small Object Detection with Attention and Scale-Aware Loss Hong Chu, Jinhui Lan, Jinghao Hu, and Yangping Qu Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp554-564 [Online Full Text] Hong Chu, Jinhui Lan, Jinghao Hu, and Yangping Qu, "YOLO11-Based Small Object Detection with Attention and Scale-Aware Loss," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp554-564, 2026
Indoor Visible Light Positioning Algorithm Based on JAYA-Blending Lie-Ping Zhang, Xin-Peng Zheng, Shou-Feng Wang, Jin-Ming Liu, and Zhong-Tao Leng Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp565-575 [Online Full Text] Lie-Ping Zhang, Xin-Peng Zheng, Shou-Feng Wang, Jin-Ming Liu, and Zhong-Tao Leng, "Indoor Visible Light Positioning Algorithm Based on JAYA-Blending," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp565-575, 2026
A Proxy-Information Bottleneck Strategy for Cognitive Credit Risk Detection Simone Chiappino Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp576-590 [Online Full Text] Simone Chiappino, "A Proxy-Information Bottleneck Strategy for Cognitive Credit Risk Detection," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp576-590, 2026
GSF-YOLO11: An Improved YOLO11n-Based Model for Insulator Defect Detection Fan Chen, Guan-jie Jiang, Bo-qun Li, and Chang-xu Chen Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp591-600 [Online Full Text] Fan Chen, Guan-jie Jiang, Bo-qun Li, and Chang-xu Chen, "GSF-YOLO11: An Improved YOLO11n-Based Model for Insulator Defect Detection," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp591-600, 2026
LRTSD-DETR: A Lightweight Real-Time Transformer for Traffic Sign Detection Zhangyao Li, Hao Chen, and Jinrong Hu Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp601-611 [Online Full Text] Zhangyao Li, Hao Chen, and Jinrong Hu, "LRTSD-DETR: A Lightweight Real-Time Transformer for Traffic Sign Detection," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp601-611, 2026
A Color Image Encryption Algorithm Combining Chaotic Systems with Quantum and Compressive Sensing Zhi Yang, Zhao Zhang, Hongyan Zhou, and Xue-Bo Chen Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp612-621 [Online Full Text] Zhi Yang, Zhao Zhang, Hongyan Zhou, and Xue-Bo Chen, "A Color Image Encryption Algorithm Combining Chaotic Systems with Quantum and Compressive Sensing," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp612-621, 2026
WBAN Channel Performance with MIMO Antennas for Indoor Wireless Environments Karrar Shakir Muttair, Oras Ahmed Shareef, Ali Zuhair Ghazi Zahid, Abbas Ali Diwan, Raed Hameed Chyad Alfilh, Hazeem Baqir Taher, and Mahmood Farhan Mosleh Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp622-630 [Online Full Text] Karrar Shakir Muttair, Oras Ahmed Shareef, Ali Zuhair Ghazi Zahid, Abbas Ali Diwan, Raed Hameed Chyad Alfilh, Hazeem Baqir Taher, and Mahmood Farhan Mosleh, "WBAN Channel Performance with MIMO Antennas for Indoor Wireless Environments," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp622-630, 2026
Dynamic Analysis of Knowledge Diffusion Models Based on Multi-Agent Collaboration in Strategic Emerging Industries Sida Kang, and Yuhan Hu Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp631-640 [Online Full Text] Sida Kang, and Yuhan Hu, "Dynamic Analysis of Knowledge Diffusion Models Based on Multi-Agent Collaboration in Strategic Emerging Industries," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp631-640, 2026
Time-Event Hybrid Triggering-Based Low-Computation Adaptive FTPPC for Switched Nonlinear Systems with Unmodeled Dynamics Feng Zhang, Xinyu Ouyang, Nannan Zhao, Haibo Xu, and Ting Li Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp641-652 [Online Full Text] Feng Zhang, Xinyu Ouyang, Nannan Zhao, Haibo Xu, and Ting Li, "Time-Event Hybrid Triggering-Based Low-Computation Adaptive FTPPC for Switched Nonlinear Systems with Unmodeled Dynamics," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp641-652, 2026
Joint Estimation of Vehicle State and Road Surface Adhesion Coefficient Based on Federated Kalman Filter Lidong Yang, Yongwei Wang, Guangwei Cheng, and Xiangqian Ma Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp653-663 [Online Full Text] Lidong Yang, Yongwei Wang, Guangwei Cheng, and Xiangqian Ma, "Joint Estimation of Vehicle State and Road Surface Adhesion Coefficient Based on Federated Kalman Filter," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp653-663, 2026
Application of Pied Kingfisher Optimizer with Hybrid Strategy Improvement in Path Planning and Engineering Design Xiangnan Xiong, Peng Yu, and Xuebo Chen Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp664-685 [Online Full Text] Xiangnan Xiong, Peng Yu, and Xuebo Chen, "Application of Pied Kingfisher Optimizer with Hybrid Strategy Improvement in Path Planning and Engineering Design," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp664-685, 2026
Comprehensive Analysis and Development of a Solar Electric Vehicle Brake Disc Fanil Harshad Birawat, Shubham Ganju, Kelly Ann Dennis Furtado, Nagesh Shenoy, Anand Pai, and Subash Acharya Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp686-693 [Online Full Text] Fanil Harshad Birawat, Shubham Ganju, Kelly Ann Dennis Furtado, Nagesh Shenoy, Anand Pai, and Subash Acharya, "Comprehensive Analysis and Development of a Solar Electric Vehicle Brake Disc," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp686-693, 2026
Hybrid Wafer Defect Detection Using Multi-Scale Convolutional and Attention-Enhanced Residual Networks Yin-Yin Bao, Er-Chao Li, Yun Liu, and Yao-Guo Luo Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp694-703 [Online Full Text] Yin-Yin Bao, Er-Chao Li, Yun Liu, and Yao-Guo Luo, "Hybrid Wafer Defect Detection Using Multi-Scale Convolutional and Attention-Enhanced Residual Networks," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp694-703, 2026
TSNet++: Diabetic Retinopathy Lesion Segmentation with Temperature-Scaled CBAM and Scale-wise Inception Gated Fusion Xiaoyu Wang, Qichen Wang, and Qing Ai Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp704-711 [Online Full Text] Xiaoyu Wang, Qichen Wang, and Qing Ai, "TSNet++: Diabetic Retinopathy Lesion Segmentation with Temperature-Scaled CBAM and Scale-wise Inception Gated Fusion," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp704-711, 2026
Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Improved Variational Auto-Encoder Jin Mao, Jiawei Cao, Jiayong Wu, Huijun Han, and Yahui Cui Engineering Letters, 34:2, pp712-720 [Online Full Text] Jin Mao, Jiawei Cao, Jiayong Wu, Huijun Han, and Yahui Cui, "Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Improved Variational Auto-Encoder," Engineering Letters, vol. 34, no. 2, pp712-720, 2026
Coming Special Issues of Engineering Letters Engineering Letters welcomes author submission of papers concerning any branch of the engineering and the computer science and their applications in business, industry and other subjects. The subjects covered by the journal include artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, computational statistics, database, data mining, financial engineering, hardware systems, imaging engineering, industrial engineering, internet computing, networking, operations research, scientific computing, software engineering, and their applications. With the efforts of the Editorial Board Members of Engineering Letters, the new online version and print version of the journal Engineering Letters has become available to the general public, instead of its old restricted versions. All submitted papers are to be peer-reviewed for ensuring their qualities.
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